Inkqubo yokukhupha iqulethwe ngumbhobho wokukhupha, i-muffler, i-catalyst converter kunye nezinye izinto ezincedisayo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, umbhobho wokukhupha ubuninzi beemoto zorhwebo zenziwa kakhulu ngombhobho wentsimbi, kodwa kulula ukukhupha i-oxidize kunye nokugqwala phantsi kwesenzo esiphindaphindiweyo sokushisa okuphezulu kunye nomswakama.Umbhobho wokukhupha ungowamalungu embonakalo, ngoko ke uninzi lwazo lufafazwe ngepeyinti echasene nobushushu obuphezulu okanye i-electroplating.Nangona kunjalo, kwandisa ubunzima.Ke ngoko, iimodeli ezininzi ngoku zenziwe ngentsimbi engenasici, okanye i-titanium alloy exhaust imibhobho yezemidlalo.

Zininzi

I-injini ye-multi-cylinder ye-stroke ithatha ubukhulu becala umbhobho wokukhupha ohlangeneyo, oqokelela imibhobho yokukhupha yesilinda nganye ize ikhuphe irhasi ngombhobho womsila.Thatha imoto yesilinda emine njengomzekelo.I-4 kwi-1 uhlobo idla ngokusetyenziswa.Uncedo lwayo ayisiyiyo nje into yokuba inokusasaza ingxolo, kodwa ikwanokusebenzisa i-inertia yokukhupha isilinda ngasinye ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha amandla okunyusa imveliso yamandla ehashe.Kodwa esi siphumo sinokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphela kuluhlu oluthile lwesantya.Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukuseta indawo yesantya esijikelezayo apho i-manifold inokuthi isebenzise amandla eenjini ngenjongo yokukhwela.Kwiintsuku zokuqala, uyilo lokukhupha izithuthuthu ezininzi ze-cylinder zasebenzisa iinkqubo ezizimeleyo zokukhupha kwi-cylinder nganye.Ngale ndlela, ukuphazamiseka kokukhutshwa kwe-cylinder nganye kunokuphetshwa, kwaye i-inertia yokukhupha kunye ne-pulse exhaust ingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.Ukungalungi kukuba ixabiso le-torque lehla ngaphezu kwe-manifold ngaphandle koluhlu lwesantya esimiselweyo.

Ukuphazamiseka kokukhupha

Ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwezinto ezininzi kubhetele kunombhobho ozimeleyo, kodwa ukuyila kufuneka kube nomxholo ophezulu wobugcisa.Ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokuphuma kwe-cylinder nganye.Ngokuqhelekileyo, imibhobho emibini yokukhupha i-cylinder yokutshisa ngokuchaseneyo ihlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​kwaye emva koko imibhobho yokukhupha ye-cylinder yokutshisa ihlanganiswe.Le yi-4 kwi-2 kwi-1 version.Le yindlela yoyilo olusisiseko ukuphepha ukuphazamiseka kokuphuma.Ngokwethiyori, isi-4 kwisi-2 kwisi-1 sisebenza kakuhle kuno-4 kwisi-1, kwaye inkangeleko nayo yahlukile.Kodwa eneneni, kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi kokusebenza kakuhle kokuphuma kwezi zimbini.Ngenxa yokuba kukho iplati yesikhokelo kwi-4 kwi-1 yokukhupha ipayipi, kukho umehluko omncinci kwimpembelelo yokusetyenziswa.

Ukukhupha inertia

Igesi ine-inertia ethile kwinkqubo yokuhamba, kwaye i-inertia yokukhupha ikhulu kune-inertia yokuthatha.Ngoko ke, amandla okukhutshwa kwe-inertia angasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha.I-inertia yokukhupha idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinjini zokusebenza eziphezulu.Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba igesi yokukhupha ikhupha i-piston ngexesha lokukhupha i-exhaust stroke.Xa ipiston ifikelela kwi-TDC, igesi yokukhupha eseleyo kwigumbi lokutsha ayinakutyhalelwa ngaphandle ngepiston.Le ngxelo ayichanekanga ngokupheleleyo.Ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-valve yokukhupha ivuliwe, isixa esikhulu segesi esikhuphayo sikhutshwa kwi-valve yokukhupha ngesantya esiphezulu.Ngeli xesha, urhulumente akatyhalelwa ngaphandle ngepiston, kodwa ekhutshwa yedwa phantsi koxinzelelo.Emva kokuba igesi yokukhupha ingena kumbhobho wokukhupha ngesantya esiphezulu, iya kwanda kwaye idibanise ngokukhawuleza.Ngeli xesha, kusemva kwexesha kakhulu ukuzalisa indawo phakathi kwe-exhaust yangasemva kunye ne-exhaust yangaphambili.Ngoko ke, uxinzelelo olubi oluyinxenye luya kwenziwa emva kwevalve yokukhupha.Uxinzelelo olubi luya kukhupha ngokupheleleyo igesi eseleyo.Ukuba i-valve yokungena ivuliwe ngeli xesha, umxube omtsha unokutsalwa kwakhona kwi-cylinder, engaphuculi nje kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha kodwa iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokungena.Xa iivalve zokungena kunye ne-exhaust zivulwa ngaxeshanye, i-angle ye-crankshaft movement ibizwa ngokuba yi-valve overlap angle.Isizathu sokuba i-valve overlap angle yenzelwe ukusebenzisa i-inertia eveliswa ngexesha lokukhupha ukuze kuphuculwe inani lokuzaliswa komxube omtsha kwi-cylinder.Oku kwandisa amandla ehashe kunye nemveliso yetorque.Ingaba yimivimbo emine okanye imivimbo emibini, ukukhupha inertia kunye ne-pulse kuya kuveliswa ngexesha lokukhupha.Nangona kunjalo, i-air inlet kunye ne-exhaust mechanism yeemoto ezimbini ezigungxulwayo yahlukile kuleyo yeemoto ezine ezigungxulwayo.Kufuneka ihambelane negumbi lokwandiswa kombhobho wokukhupha ukuze idlale indima yayo ephezulu.

Ukukhupha i-pulse

I-exhaust pulse luhlobo lwamaza oxinzelelo.Uxinzelelo lwe-exhaust luqhuba kumbhobho wokukhupha ukwenza i-wave wave wave, kwaye amandla ayo angasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukungena kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.Amandla e-barotropic wave ayafana nalawo amaza oxinzelelo olubi, kodwa ulwalathiso luchasene.

Ukumpompa into

Irhasi ephumayo engena kwindawo eninzi iya kuba nefuthe lokufunxa kweminye imibhobho engagqitywanga ngenxa ye-inertia yokuhamba.Irhasi ephumayo esuka kwimibhobho ekufutshane iyafunxwa ngaphandle.Le nto ingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhupha.Ukukhupha enye i-cylinder iphela, kwaye emva koko i-cylinder enye iqala.Thatha i-cylinder echaseneyo yokucima njengomgangatho wokudibanisa kwaye udibanise umbhobho wokukhupha.Hlanganisa enye isethi yemibhobho yokukhupha.Yenza isi-4 kwisi-2 kwisi-1 sepateni.Sebenzisa ukufunxa ukunceda ukukhupha.

Isithulisi

Ukuba ubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegesi ephuma kwi-injini ikhutshwe ngokuthe ngqo emoyeni, igesi iya kwanda ngokukhawuleza kwaye ivelise ingxolo eninzi.Ngoko ke, kufuneka kubekho izixhobo zokupholisa kunye nezokuthulisa.Kukho imingxunya emininzi yokuthulisa kunye namagumbi e-resonance ngaphakathi kwesithulisi.Kukho umqhaphu ofunxa isandi sefiberglass kudonga lwangaphakathi ukufunxa ukungcangcazela kunye nengxolo.Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yi-muffler yokwandisa, ekufuneka ibe namagumbi amade kunye namafutshane ngaphakathi.Ngenxa yokuba ukupheliswa komsindo we-high-frequency kufuna igumbi elifutshane le-cylindrical yokwandisa.Igumbi lokwandiswa kwetyhubhu elide lisetyenziselwa ukuphelisa isandi esiphantsi.Ukuba kuphela igumbi lokwandisa elinobude obufanayo lisetyenzisiweyo, kuphela i-audio frequency enye inokupheliswa.Nangona idecibel incitshisiwe, ayikwazi ukuvelisa ilizwi elamkelekileyo kwindlebe yomntu.Ngapha koko, uyilo lwe-muffler kufuneka luqwalasele ukuba ingxolo yokukhupha i-injini inokwamkelwa ngabathengi.

Umguquleli weCatalyst

Ngaphambili, ii-locomotives azizange zixhotywe ngabaguquli be-catalytic, kodwa ngoku inani leemoto kunye nezithuthuthu liye landa kakhulu, kwaye ukungcoliseka komoya okubangelwa yi-exhaust gases kubi kakhulu.Ukuze kuphuculwe ukungcoliseka kwerhasi ephumayo, ii-catalytic converters ziyafumaneka.Abaguquleli bokuqala be-binary catalytic baguqule kuphela i-carbon monoxide kunye ne-hydrocarbons ekukhupheni igesi kwi-carbon dioxide kunye namanzi.Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezinobungozi ezifana ne-nitrogen oxide kwigesi yokukhupha, enokuthi iguqulwe ibe yi-nitrogen engeyona inetyhefu kunye ne-oksijini emva kokunciphisa imichiza.Ngoko ke, i-rhodium, i-catalyst yokunciphisa, yongezwa kwi-binary catalyst.Ngoku yi-ternary catalytic converter.Asinakulandela ngokumfamekileyo ukusebenza, nokuba injani imeko yendalo.